Getting older housing, catastrophe resilience and senior residents selecting to remain in place are behind a stable outlook for dwelling renovation and transforming spending, regardless of a current falloff from pandemic-era highs.
Shopper spending on dwelling enchancment and upkeep, together with rental funding properties, leaped by 49% over 5 years to an estimated $603 billion on the finish of 2024, in line with a report authored by Harvard researchers. Whereas totals for the final two years edged downward from 2022’s report $611 billion, the numbers present a excessive stage of curiosity stays to improve current properties.
For 2025, Harvard predicts spending to creep again upward from final 12 months to roughly $608 billion. The dynamics of at present’s housing market ought to maintain exercise close to that stage for the close to future.
“Given the sturdy basis and rising wants, residential transforming is predicted to stay a formidable financial sector within the years forward,” mentioned Chris Herbert, managing director of Harvard’s Joint Middle for Housing Research.
“And regardless of unparalleled spending in the previous few years, much more funding is required to enhance vitality effectivity, catastrophe resilience and accessibility for the nation’s 145 million properties,” Herbert continued within the middle’s 2025 Enhancing America’s Housing report.
In 2023, substitute tasks for options equivalent to roofing, home windows and air-con techniques made up 49% of dwelling enchancment spending. On common, owners spent near $4,700 on enhancements that 12 months.
Householders most frequently turned to financial savings to finance renovation, however for tasks equivalent to room additions, 25% mentioned they tapped into their accrued fairness. For remodels of kitchen, bogs or options connected to the property, 15% turned to dwelling fairness.
On the identical time, 18% used funds from owners insurance coverage settlements to exchange broken roofing, home windows and siding. Following disasters, 68% had been in a position to make use of insurance coverage proceeds for repairs.
A large chunk of the outlay got here from child boomers, who doubled their share of expenditures over 20 years. In 2023, spending from households headed by somebody 65 or older hit $110 billion to make up 27.2% of the full market. Their share outpaced all different age teams, with the 55-to-64 bracket market making up 23.7% and the 45-to-54 year-old section 20.1%. Households headed by 35-to-44 year-olds accounted for 20.7% of spending, whereas the rest of millennial and Gen Z owners 34 and youthful contributed 8.3% of quantity.
The rise in senior spending corresponds to a rise in homeownership amongst older generations over the past 10 years, necessitating accessibility upgrades in some circumstances. The common quantity spent by these 65 and over elevated to $3,800 in 2023 from $2,800 ten years earlier. The 2023 common, although, got here in behind all different age teams, with owners 35 to 44 averaging probably the most at $5,700 yearly.
Householders are additionally dwelling in housing inventory that’s the “oldest it has ever been,” as constructing innovation prolongs their properties’ longevity, Harvard mentioned. A lapse in new-home development of a number of years additionally pushed up the median age of U.S. housing as builders slowed their exercise after the Nice Monetary Disaster.
In 2023, the median age of owner-occupied properties was 42 years, up from 37 years in 2013 and 31 years in 2003, with substitute of parts turning right into a necessity over time.
Mortgage charges falling to report lows earlier this decade additionally led to a refinance increase and the present lock-in impact that’s proving to disincentivize owners to promote current properties and tackle greater housing prices.
“There’s each a market alternative and an ethical crucial to increase enchancment and restore providers for these owners,” mentioned Sophia Wedeen, senior analysis analyst on the middle.
Nonetheless, regardless of the significance of dwelling upkeep, 20% of house owners didn’t make any spending for enhancements or repairs in 2023, and 15% reported investing beneath $500 for the complete 12 months.
The highest upkeep priorities for house owners of older models additionally embody efforts to guard in opposition to excessive climate, which is contributing to greater insurance coverage prices. “Whereas few owners undertake mitigation retrofits, skyrocketing insurance coverage premiums could present the motivation to take action,” the report mentioned.
Between 2003 and 2023, expenditures for wanted repairs ensuing from hurricanes, wildfires or flooding greater than tripled to $49 billion from $16 billion. On the identical time, owners additionally spent $139 billion to enhance dwelling vitality effectivity, practically 4 instances the quantity in 2003.
Excessive prices preclude many from making disaster-mitigation or vitality investments, although, Among the many owners budgeting for such tasks, expenditures averaged $19,300.
Whereas client tendencies level to elevated rework spending, the specter of quickly rising provide costs could discourage some exercise, the report mentioned. A majority of companies within the section additionally level to a dearth of expert professionals to carry out the work wanted. New immigration insurance policies could exacerbate the scarcity, with 34% of the development labor power made up of overseas employees.
